The kaplan is of the propellertype, similar to an airplanepropeller. Characteristic curves of a turbine these are curves which are characteristic of a particular turbine which helps in studying the performance of the turbine under various conditions. Introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a francis turbine lecture 10. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A generator is driven by a small, singlejet pelton turbine designed to have a power specific speed. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled. Kaplan turbine is a low headturbine and used for heads ofless than 80 meters. The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine. A turgo turbine and turbine generator set that can be easily built using basic manufacturing techniques should be identified. Kaplin turbines, francis turbines, pelton turbines, flow through kaplin turbine, performance parameters. It is good for applications with high pressure head and low flow. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Pelton turbine pelton turbine characteristics a broad manufacturing program offers an economical solution for any requirement. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines.
Mod01 lec07 analysis of force on the bucket of pelton. Mod01 lec07 analysis of force on the bucket of pelton wheel and power generation. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow. Therefore, pelton wheels have only one turbine stage, unlike gas turbines that operate with compressible fluid. Because water and most liquids are nearly incompressible, almost all of the available energy is extracted in the first stage of the hydraulic turbine. The ideal pelton runner absolute velocity from nozzle. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow usb. Kaplan turbine the kaplan turbine is a greatdevelopment of early 19thcentury. Pelton wheel we can write this p, what is this p, n is the rotational speed of the turbine, p is the power developed by the turbine, h is the head available to the machine, to the turbine. The pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to produce electric energy. Specific speed, governing and limitation of a pelton turbine lecture 9.
A force is always required to act upon the fluid to change its velocity either in direction or in magnitude. Nptel syllabus introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow video course course detail. Mechstuff 4 types of turbines, aplications, gas turbines, hydroelectric powerplant, impulse turbines, nptel, pdf, ppt, reaction turbines, thermal powerplant, tyes of turbines, water turbines, wind energy, working. The input pressure head is converted into high velocity jet by means of a nozzle. Hindi hydraulic turbines by rahul choubey unacademy plus. The jet impinges on the double cupped buckets mounted around the periphery of the. Explain the general principles of pelton wheels kaplan turbines francis turbine construct blade vector diagrams for moving vanes for a pelton wheels and a francis turbine. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine decreases faster than the francis turbine. Water turbines when you have completed this tutorial you should be able to explain the significance of specific speed to turbine selection. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine with tangential flow the water hits its wheel at a tangent. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings. Lecture 8 specific speed, governing and limitation of a pelton turbine lecture 9 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a francis turbine lecture 10 analysis of force on francis.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur.
Energy conversion in a pelton turbine outlet outlet of the runner inlet of the runner outlet of the needle inlet of the needle 2 c2. In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. The runner rotates at 880 rpm, the turbine overall efficiency is 88%, and the mechanical efficiency is. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. Theory a pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine, and water strikes its buckets as a free jet atmospheric pressure with a high velocity. The effective head at nozzle inlet is 120 m and the nozzle velocity coefficient is 0. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow by prof. Single jet pelton turbines are built for specific speeds less than 35. A new task have been assigned to me from the department of mechanical engineering after the approval of its scientific committee to be a senior tutor of computational fluid dynamics cfd major. It is used for high head and low flow rate applications.
Introduction to fluid machines energy transfer in fluid machines energy transfer impulse and reaction machines, efficiencies of fluid machines principles of similarity in fluid machines concept of specific speed and introduction to impulse hydraulic turbine analysis of force on the bucket of pelton wheel and power generation specific speed, governing and limitation of a. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. To determine specific speed, ns, for the turbine at design head of 15m 2. It has a large wheel or runner that has buckets turbine blades that absorb the energy in the water. For generation of electricity in thermal power plants, steam turbines are used coal fuel oil or nuclear power provides the primary source of energy. The flow limitations for turgo turbines need to be established in relation to pcd andor cup size similar to the way it has been established for pelton turbines. Now if we define this power developed in terms of an hydraulic efficiency this way, that rho.
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